"Como pensar hoje na escrita da história? Como enfrentar a página em branco que não se apresenta como um espaço neutro, mas um espaço onde quem escreve - o historiador - deixa rastros do passado e também os seus próprios rastros? Essas são algumas das questões colocadas pelos ensaios que compõem "Arte e pensamento: operações historiográficas". Num primeiro momento, são fornecidos o ritmo, o tom e os compassos por meio de discussões e reflexões sobre uma teoria da experiência para a (...) escrita da história, sobre a historicidade do artístico, sobre o inespecífico do contemporâneo, sobre o pensamento na fronteira, sobre a nomeação dos anônimos em Machado de Assis. A partir dessas harmonizações dissonantes e consoantes, iniciam-se 3 operações que delineiam o segundo momento do livro, cuja intenção maior é fazer operar a escrita da história na imbricada conjunção história-arte-pensamento."--Contratapa. (shrink)

Adolescence is the period of growth between childhood and adulthood. This period of development, which goes from 13 to 18 years, is usually presented as critical, due to the profound modifications of physiological and psychological order in this research we worked with a sample of 60 students, from Secondary School No. 8, morning and evening shift. An instrument was made with 45 variables, 5 of them signalytic: age, gender, an average of the previous cycle, performing some extracurricular activity, and shift. (...) The information was processed in the SPSS and STATISTIC programs. The conclusions showed that the student, by showing a need to learn, is able to develop different academic skills through different factors, such as motivation, thus improving their school performance. Thus proposes the development of an intervention model, for training teachers, on motivation methods in the classroom; As well as conferences on the importance of the topic of adolescent motivation and the factors involved in improving academic performance, teachers and parents will be taught and publicity will be developed on the importance of school motivation in adolescents and how it intervenes from home, at school and how this influences academic results. (shrink)

Esse estudo mostra os resultados da tese de doutorado que investiga se o Movimento dos Sem Terra contribui para a construção da hegemonia dos trabalhadores por meio da promoção de uma Reforma Intelectual e Moral, no Estado de São Paulo, visando construir uma Nuova Civiltà. O norte da pesquisa é dado pela trajetória de luta do MST e o seu significado político, tendo por base a filosofia da práxis e os pressupostos teóricos postulados por Antonio Gramsci. Pretendia-se observar se o (...) ideário gramsciano encontra-se atuante, em que medida se tornou relevante para a práxis política do MST.This survey shows the results of the doctor’s thesis that discusses if The Movement of the Homeless helps to build the hegemony of the workers throughout a promotion of an Intellectual and Moral Reform in the state of Sao Paulo, with the intended possibility of building a “Nuova Civilta”. The focus of the survey will show the history of the fight of the MST and its political meaning based on the Philosophy of Praxis and the theoretical thinking of Antonio Gramsci. I intend to show if Gramsci’s ideology is relevant today and in which way it became relevant through the political praxis of the MST. (shrink)

O objetivo do artigo é colocar em evidência algumas disputas em torno da identidade da educação infantil, explorando como tema central os processos de construção e implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular para a primeira etapa da educação básica. Para contextualizar nossa argumentação, colocamos a Base em diálogo com outras mudanças no campo das políticas educacionais, que incidem sobre a organização curricular, tais como o Documento Referência para o Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica, a Política Nacional de Alfabetização e (...) a Base Nacional Comum para Formação de Professores da Educação Básica, orientações ou normativas que visam produzir definições curriculares, com desdobramentos para a educação das crianças da creche e/ou da pré-escola. A metodologia contemplou revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, incluindo os documentos orientadores para as políticas elaborados pelo Ministério da Educação e o ordenamento legal recente do país. A revisão da literatura aponta no sentido de que grupos de interesse mercantil transnacionais ganham cada vez mais espaço na formulação de políticas educacionais no Brasil, juntamente com outros coletivos ligados a matrizes neoconservadoras e anticientíficas. As repercussões para a organização da oferta de educação infantil são analisadas a partir de estudos que tematizam as especificidades curriculares da educação de crianças de até seis anos, questionando o uso de modelos padronizados de educação, propostas uniformizadas para a formação de docentes e a realização de avaliações em larga escala. Dada à exigência legal de implementação da Base, argumentamos sobre a importância dos movimentos de leitura desse documento a serem realizados nos espaços voltados à formação continuada em serviço no nível local. Essa seria uma condição para efetivar a construção e vivência de currículos mais contextualizados, pensados a partir do documento nacional, mas avançando para além desse, no sentido de garantir um protagonismo das equipes profissionais e colocar crianças concretas no centro do processo de planejamento, promovendo práticas cotidianas em maior consonância com os direitos de aprendizagem e de desenvolvimento, em diálogo com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil. Palavras-chave : Educação Infantil. Base. Política Curricular. Formação Continuada. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda o conceito de Cartografia Social no contexto da Educação, compreendendo que essa pode ser uma ferramenta potente neste campo. Ainda: interessa compreender de que modo a Arte e a dimensão estética são capazes de ser utilizadas como ferramenta nesse mesmo contexto. Assim, o objetivo deste texto é entender de que modo a cartografia social é capaz de potencializar a construção de uma Estética da Educação. A discussão é apresentada a partir de três seções distintas que irão explorar (...) o tema em questão. A primeira seção apresenta o conceito de Cartografia Social, estratégia metodológica de pesquisa-intervenção que visa a construir mapas vivos e fluxos de vida, apresentando a composição de territórios existenciais na sua dinamicidade e multiplicidade. A segunda seção busca demonstrar de que modo a experiência, na perspectiva da Cartografia Social, produz sujeito e objeto em meio ao seu processo, permitindo, assim, que possamos pensar a produção de modos de vida que tenham como intenção fazer dessa uma obra de arte. Para isso, utilizamos o conceito foucaultiano de “cuidado de si” como exercício de produção de uma vida que se pretenda obra de arte. Por fim, na terceira seção, apresentamos a ideia de Cartografia Social como dispositivo à produção de uma Estética da Educação. Para exemplificar tal possibilidade, apresentamos uma cartografia realizada com crianças, na qual desenharam um personagem fictício do seu bairro. Constatamos que a experiência de desenhar e de criar o personagem em si, oferecem a oportunidade de cartografar outros mundos possíveis a partir do exercício imaginativo, possibilitando a composição de uma Estética da Educação. (shrink)

Living in rural areas has been described as a driver for behaving in a pro-environmental way, mainly due to the more frequent contact with nature that people from rural areas have. However, the processes that link living in a rural area and behaving in a more ecological manner have not been systematically studied. Moreover, most studies have focused on adults living in developed countries. Given the importance that the actions conducted by people in developing countries have for the future of (...) the environment, as well as the relevance of children’s pro-environmentalism for nature conservation, we present a brief research report examining the relationship between Mexican children’s place of residence and self-reported pro-environmental behavior. Participants were 200 children from Mexican rural areas (less than 1.000 inhabitants) and 200 from a Mexican urban city (more than 150.000 inhabitants). Children were between 9 and 12 years old. Children’s connection to nature was considered as a mediator in the relationship between children’s place of residence and pro-environmental behavior. Our findings revealed that rural children hold a stronger sense of connection to nature and behave in a more pro-environmental way than urban children. In addition, the place of residence was directly and positively linked to their pro-environmental behaviors, and this relationship was mediated by children’s connection to nature. The relationship between connection to nature and pro-environmental behavior was stronger for girls than for boys. The model explained 45% of the variance of children’s self-reported pro-environmental behaviors. (shrink)

The goal of this research is to know and compare the emotions and reactions to confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with high abilities and community samples. This is a mixed study with an exploratory reach that is descriptive, and which combines survey and qualitative methodologies to examine the emotions and reactions to confinement experiences of children and adolescents aged between 5 and 14 years. An online poll was designed with 46 questions, grouped into three sections: (...) General Data, Reactions to the health contingencies of COVID-19, and Positive and negative emotions. This last section was included the Oros’ positive emotions questionnaire and the scales of the negative effect of the PANAS Schedule positive and negative affect on children and adolescents between 8 and 14 years old. Data were collected online with a convenience sample. Quantitative data were analyzed with the SPSS statistics program and qualitative data with Alceste software. Among the main findings is the fact that there are no significant differences between the groups by ability in terms of reactions and emotions; however, there are differences between age groups and sex. The study discusses the implications for educational intervention in situations like the current pandemic. (shrink)

ETA y el IRA, las dos organizaciones terroristas más antiguas de Europa, llegaron a las cotas más elevadas de su actividad armada durante los «años de plomo», entre 1968 y 1981. El presente artículo pretende, por un lado, aportar una radiografía de las víctimas y de los responsables de los crímenes de este período, analizando estudios previos y revisando documentación que arroja luz sobre las dinámicas de selección de las víctimas practicadas por ambos grupos, siguiendo el modelo teórico de de (...) la Calle y Sánchez-Cuenca. Por otro lado, ahonda en la deficiente atención institucional a los damnificados y analiza las políticas de reparación, que en ambos casos llegaron con más de tres décadas de retraso. Por último, se abordan las principales reivindicaciones pendientes, entre las que destaca el elevado nivel de impunidad de los crímenes cometidos, lo que condena a las víctimas a una victimización secundaria. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación, desarrollada en el contexto de educación virtual, fue mejorar las competencias investigativas de estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio cualitativo y de diseño investigación-acción se basó en un diagnóstico inicial con el que se identificó plagio académico, además de una autopercepción de nivel medio o bajo respecto de las habilidades investigativas de los alumnos. Durante la ejecución de las estrategias diseñadas, se aplicaron las técnicas de focus group y análisis documental de los ensayos estudiantiles. Se concluyó la (...) efectividad de las estrategias en la mejora de las competencias básicas, de búsqueda y análisis de información, y actitudinales. (shrink)

Desde un enfoque neuropsicológico, este estudio busca describir las operaciones cognitivas aplicadas durante la lectura. Este es un estudio de caso mixto, orientado a una muestra de 200 estudiantes de Enfermería. Para el recojo de información, se aplicó una prueba y un cuestionario de autopercepción lectora a los estudiantes; así como una guía de entrevista semiestructurada, dirigida a docentes. Entre los resultados, destaca que la velocidad lectora, la memoria y la atención impactan en el acto lector, además de las emociones (...) y los saberes previos. En conclusión, las operaciones cognitivas se vinculan directamente con los procesos asociados a la lectura. (shrink)

This article is an edited transcript of the roundtable entitled “What is Philo-Performance?” that took place in Paris on 28 June 2014, within the framework of the “Theatre, Performance, Philosophy International Conference: Crossings and Transfers in Anglo-American Thought”. The conference was organized by Julien Alliot, Flore Garcin-Marrou, Liza Kharoubi and Anna Street from the LAPS, a French research group on performance philosophy.

The health alert caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown have caused significant changes in people’s lives. Therefore, it has been essential to study the quality of life, especially in vulnerable populations, including children and adolescents. In this work, the psychological well-being, distribution of tasks and routines, as well as the physical activity done by children and adolescents from two samples: community and high abilities, have been analyzed. The methodology used was Mixed Method Research, through a survey conducted online (...) through social networks. The informants were the parents of the children and adolescents, 209 in the community sample and 116 in the high ability sample. The instrument used was a questionnaire implemented through Google Forms, with open and closed questions, including the Kidscreen-27 scale to measure well-being. The assessment of the adequacy of the physical activity levels was analyzed through ALCESTE. The results showed the absence of differences between students from community samples and those with high capacities in well-being and physical activity. Parents residing in Spain observed less play time in the high ability sample, and more time spent on homework, whether or not they have a diagnosis of high ability. It is concluded that these results question the misconceptions held about high ability students in terms of poorer personal adjustment and better interest in physical activities. (shrink)

En este artículo se hace una propuesta de incorporación de las emociones en la filosofía de la ciencia. En el primer apartado se muestra la exclusión de las emociones en ciencia tanto en el positivismo lógico como en el racionalismo crítico. En el segundo apartado se ofrece una incorporación de las emociones en ciencia a partir de la abducción peirceana y de la deliberación de teorías kuhniana. Frente a las versiones clásicas de la filosofía de la ciencia se insiste en (...) el hecho de que las emociones son el primer paso del proceso de creación científica y que son cruciales para la deliberación entre teorías en competencia. (shrink)

This article investigates whether sustainability labels for mutual funds in Europe provide consistent signals regarding funds’ sustainable characteristics. Specifically, we assess the alignment of signals conveyed by third-party and self-declared labels. Among the first typology, we consider labels sponsored by government and nonprofit organizations (GNPOs) alongside Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings from commercial data vendors. The latter category includes the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) classification and an ESG-related name. Our findings indicate that equity funds with GNPO labels are (...) more likely to exhibit top-tier ESG ratings and alignment with self-declared sustainability signals, namely Article 9 of SFDR and fund names. Furthermore, holding government and multiple GNPO labels is linked to other signals indicating higher sustainability standards. In addition, funds tend to experience an improvement in Morningstar globes after receiving a GNPO label, consistent with GNPO labels signaling funds of the high-quality type. The results regarding label alignment in fixed-income funds are less conclusive. Our findings underscore the need for credible signals in view of the growing number of sustainability labels available to investors. (shrink)

This paper presents an overview of the activation of background knowledge during text comprehension. We first review the cognitive processes involved in the activation of inferences during text comprehension, stressing the interaction between text and reader in the construction of situation models. Second, we review evidence for embodied theories of cognition and discuss how this new framework can inform our understanding of the nature and role of background knowledge. We then review the neuropsychological data on the activation of background knowledge (...) during text comprehension. Finally, the paper presents existing and future challenges in researching the role of background knowledge both at a conceptual and a methodological level. (shrink)

IntroductionRheumatologists are the primary healthcare professionals responsible for patients with rheumatic diseases and should acquire medical ethical competencies, such as the informed consent process. The objective clinical structured examination is a valuable tool for assessing clinical competencies. We report the performance of 90 rheumatologist trainees participating in a station designed to evaluate the ICP during the 2018 and 2019 national accreditations.MethodsThe station was validated and represented a medical encounter in which the rheumatologist informed a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with (...) clinically active nephritis about renal biopsy. A trained patient–actor and an evaluator were instructed to assess ICP skills in obtaining formal informed consent, delivering bad news and overall communication with patients. The evaluator used a tailored checklist and form.ResultsCandidate performance varied with ICP content and was superior for potential benefit information but significantly reduced for potential complications and biopsy description. Only 17.8% of the candidates mentioned the legal perspective of ICP. Death was omitted by the majority of the candidates ; after the patient–actor challenged candidates, only 57.1% of them gave a clear and positive answer. Evaluators frequently rated candidate communications skills as superior, but ≥1 negative aspect was identified in 69% of the candidates.ConclusionsEthical competencies are mandatory for professional rheumatologists. It seems necessary to include an ethics competency framework in the curriculum throughout the rheumatology residency. (shrink)

RESUMO Entre a vasta produção de Eduardo Coutinho, destaca-se o documentário Jogo de cena, celebrado como “objeto solar” da filmografia do cineasta, no qual a entrevista ocupa um lugar central. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir discursivamente sobre ela a partir de cenas de fala postas a circular em relação às escolhas estéticas e à materialidade do documentário; natureza da relação entrevistador-entrevistadas, marcada pela recusa a uma “suposta neutralidade” e produção de agenciamentos, cenografias e mundo ético. Para isso, são acionados (...) conceitos basilares da Análise do Discurso, como interdiscurso, cenografia, agenciamento e ethos discursivo, conforme formulados por Dominique Maingueneau. Os resultados mostram que é possível estabelecer diálogos profícuos com os dispositivos metodológicos de Coutinho e conceitos da Análise do Discurso. A partir de uma aura mística do seu silêncio acolhedor, pode-se depreender um ethos respeitoso e atencioso do entrevistador em relação às falas das personagens. ABSTRACT Among Eduardo Coutinho’s vast production, the documentary Jogo de cena stands out and is celebrated as being the centerpiece of the filmmaker's filmography, in which the interviews occupy a central place. The purpose of this article is to reflect upon these interviews, discursively, based on: speech scenes put in perspective and in relation to the aesthetic choices and materiality of the documentary; nature of the interviewer-interviewee relationship, marked by the refusal of an “alleged neutrality” and the production of settings, scenographies, and ethical worlds. For this, we articulated basic concepts of Discourse Analysis, as theorized by Dominique Maingueneau, such as interdiscourse, scenography, setting and discursive ethos. The results demonstrate that it is possible to establish a dialogue between Coutinho’s methodological apparatus and concepts of Discourse Analysis. From a mystical aura of his welcoming silence, the interviewer’s respectful and considerate ethos in relation to the characters' speeches can be inferred. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la motivación en la deliberación, retomando la idea del artículo “Razón práctica y motivaciones para la deliberación pública” (Vidiella, 2017) que sostiene que la teoría deliberativa clásica presenta un “déficit motivacional”. Para ello me centraré en la transformación de las opiniones. Tendré en cuenta cómo se conciben las opiniones desde un punto de vista racionalista, mostrando una alternativa que otorga relevancia al aspecto emocional. Luego argumentaré a favor de la posibilidad (...) de transformación de las opiniones, y por último haré referencia a la idea de que el racionalismo puede llegar a incluir el aspecto motivacional. Para ello a diferencia Vidiella que remite a los avances en psicología moral y a los estudios sobre el papel cognitivo de las emociones, me basaré principalmente en algunas críticas a los presupuestos del racionalismo que proponen flexibilizar ciertas condiciones que funcionan como principios de la deliberación. (shrink)

The inclusion of ethics and politics into artistic creation process is for many contemporary creators/artists an essential motivation while they consciously act in an aesthetic space polluted with the realities of a world in crisis. Art, which produces visible and sensible forms, can reveal aesthetic ideas and fundaments through aesthetic objects: drawing, video-installing or poem/poetry. And artists can make someone feel with their creations—whether these are beautiful, sublime, tragic, or ironic—ethical contentions violated by human action or the exertion/exercise of political (...) power. Works of art that are not only guided by the categories signed by beauty, because in artistic languages, violence and suffering also make/create form. And times of crisis are the ideal sphere/dimension for an art that gives a vivid way of seeing/watching the uncertainty, the perversion, the terrible. In bringing these philosophical—ethical, aesthetic and political—topics, I do it from an approach that departs form artistic creations and curatorial research. I try to penetrate the narrow thread between an ethical topic and the plastic form in which it incarnates/embodies itself, or between a political action and the aesthetic structure of language as a creative, expressive consequence. (shrink)

El objeto de profundizar en el análisis de la calidad de vida en adultos mayores, la incidencia de la familia, valores y brechas intergeneracionales, en la ciudad de Torreón Coahuila, México, con analisis cuantitativo aplicado a 230 sujetos, 5 ejes y con variables, validado con Alpha de Cronbach de 0.88 resultado del análisis: la importancia de que adultos cuente con la información en lo referente a: su proceso de envejecimiento, proceso salud-enfermedad y la intervención de políticas públicas gubernamentales, entorno familiar (...) y creencias son determinante en su acompañamiento su fusión demandando una aplicación oportuna de políticas publicas y sociales. (shrink)

The definitive cessation of violence announced by the terrorist organisation ETA in 2011 gave way to a political and cultural debate about which version of history would be fixed in the collective memory. This confrontation of political narratives has become known as the "battle of the narrative". Cultural products, including fiction series, play an active role in this battle as they contribute to the formation of collective memory on the basis of a shared emotional disposition. This article analyses how two (...) of the main audiovisual productions, Patria and La línea invisible, make their particular contribution to the "emotional memory" of terrorism using the narrative of the centrality of the victim, which places those who have suffered the direct consequences of terrorism at the centre of the story. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Among Eduardo Coutinho’s vast production, the documentary Jogo de cena stands out and is celebrated as being the centerpiece of the filmmaker's filmography, in which the interviews occupy a central place. The purpose of this article is to reflect upon these interviews, discursively, based on: speech scenes put in perspective and in relation to the aesthetic choices and materiality of the documentary; nature of the interviewer-interviewee relationship, marked by the refusal of an “alleged neutrality” and the production of settings, (...) scenographies, and ethical worlds. For this, we articulated basic concepts of Discourse Analysis, as theorized by Dominique Maingueneau, such as interdiscourse, scenography, setting and discursive ethos. The results demonstrate that it is possible to establish a dialogue between Coutinho’s methodological apparatus and concepts of Discourse Analysis. From a mystical aura of his welcoming silence, the interviewer’s respectful and considerate ethos in relation to the characters' speeches can be inferred. RESUMO Entre a vasta produção de Eduardo Coutinho, destaca-se o documentário Jogo de cena, celebrado como “objeto solar” da filmografia do cineasta, no qual a entrevista ocupa um lugar central. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir discursivamente sobre ela a partir de cenas de fala postas a circular em relação às escolhas estéticas e à materialidade do documentário; natureza da relação entrevistador-entrevistadas, marcada pela recusa a uma “suposta neutralidade” e produção de agenciamentos, cenografias e mundo ético. Para isso, são acionados conceitos basilares da Análise do Discurso, como interdiscurso, cenografia, agenciamento e ethos discursivo, conforme formulados por Dominique Maingueneau. Os resultados mostram que é possível estabelecer diálogos profícuos com os dispositivos metodológicos de Coutinho e conceitos da Análise do Discurso. A partir de uma aura mística do seu silêncio acolhedor, pode-se depreender um ethos respeitoso e atencioso do entrevistador em relação às falas das personagens. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente se ha separado a la epistemología y a la hermenéutica, puesto que la primera trata de lo conmensurable y la segunda, lo inconmensurable. Sin embargo, en mi opinión, hoy en día es posible unir a la epistemología y la hermenéutica sólo si partimos de una teoría de la epistemología contemporánea: la teoría de la verdad como aceptabilidad racional en condiciones epistémicas óptimas. Dicha teoría permite justificar lo conmensurable y entender lo inconmensurable.Traditionally epistemology and hermeneutics have been separated, since the (...) first deals with commensurability and the second with incommensurability. Nevertheless, in my opinion, nowadays it is possible to unite epistemology and hermeneutics if we start from a theory contemporary epistemology: the theory of the truth as rational acceptability in optimal epistemic conditions. This theory allows us to justify commensurability and to understand incommensurability. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo una revisión del concepto de agencia en dos propuestas actuales de fundamentación de los derechos humanos, con el fin de mostrar las falencias de la concepción naturalista y sentar las bases para una fundamentación alternativa, desde un enfoque no cognitivista. Para ello consideramos que es preciso determinar en qué medida el concepto de agente retoma la idea naturalista de la atribución de derechos en virtud de los rasgos propiamente humanos. Nuestra hipótesis (...) es que esta interpretación opaca algunos elementos de las teorías contemporáneas que pueden ser dilucidados a la luz de la epistemología moral y la metaética. (shrink)

A Síndrome de Kabuki é um distúrbio bastante raro, com múltiplas anomalias congênitas. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever características comportamentais, cognitivas e sociais de uma criança com seis anos de idade com Síndrome de Kabuki, e suas implicações no processo escolar. Como resultados, verif..

Background:The high level of satisfaction of users of a health service is largely due to the fact that they receive excellent care from healthcare professionals. Compassionate care is an essential...